Types of Lavender

Lavender, widely cherished for its aromatic and therapeutic properties, comes in several species. Knowing the different types can help in choosing the right variety for your garden or specific uses. Here is a breakdown of some of the most notable types of lavender.

English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

Known for its sweet fragrance, English lavender is one of the most popular varieties. It thrives in USDA zones 5-8, making it suitable for cooler climates. Often used in perfumes, potpourri, and culinary dishes, the leaves and buds are highly fragrant. English lavender tends to be hardy and low maintenance, growing well in well-drained soil with full sun exposure. Pruning after blooming helps in maintaining its shape and encourages new growth.

• Popular Varieties: ‘Munstead’, ‘Hidcote’, ‘Royal Velvet’
• Height: Typically 12-24 inches
• Bloom Time: Early to mid-summer

French Lavender (Lavandula dentata)

French lavender is known for its unique, serrated leaves and slightly medicinal aroma. It is more tolerant of humidity compared to other species and thrives in USDA zones 8-11. French lavender is not as hardy as English lavender and may require winter protection in cooler climates. Its ragged-edged leaves add texture to floral arrangements, and it is commonly used in decorative gardens and landscaping.

• Popular Varieties: ‘Goodwin Creek Grey’, ‘Green French’
• Height: Typically 24-36 inches
• Bloom Time: Spring to summer

Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas)

Distinguishable by its tufted, pineapple-like flower heads topped with bracts, Spanish lavender is a striking garden addition. It prefers dry, hot conditions and can be grown in USDA zones 8-11. Spanish lavender is less cold-hardy than English lavender, making it ideal for warmer regions. It is commonly used for ornamental purposes and can be an excellent choice for container gardening or rock gardens.

• Popular Varieties: ‘Anouk’, ‘Otto Quast’, ‘Silver Anouk’
• Height: Typically 18-24 inches
• Bloom Time: Spring to early summer

Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia)

Lavandin is a hybrid between English and Portuguese lavender. Known for its vigorous growth and large flower spikes, Lavandin is often commercialized for its high oil content. It thrives in USDA zones 5-9 and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Lavandin blooms later than English lavender, extending the flowering season. The strong fragrance and high oil yield make it a favorite for essential oil production.

• Popular Varieties: ‘Grosso’, ‘Provence’, ‘Giant Hidcote’
• Height: Typically 24-36 inches
• Bloom Time: Mid to late summer

Portuguese Lavender (Lavandula latifolia)

Portuguese lavender is known for its larger, broader leaves and stronger camphor aroma. It thrives in USDA zones 6-9, enjoying full sun and well-drained soil. Though it is not as popular as other lavenders, its oil is often used in therapeutic and medicinal applications due to its high camphor content. Portuguese lavender can also be used in garden borders and mixed plantings for variety and texture.

• Popular Varieties: ‘Nana Alba’, ‘Sawyer’
• Height: Typically 24-36 inches
• Bloom Time: Late spring to summer

Woolly Lavender (Lavandula lanata)

Named for its soft, woolly leaves, Woolly lavender is a lesser-known variety that thrives in USDA zones 8-9. It requires a well-drained soil and full sun to grow well. Woolly lavender produces pale purple flowers that are less fragrant than other lavender types but are striking in appearance. It is often used in xeriscaping due to its drought tolerance.

• Popular Varieties: Less commonly divided into varieties
• Height: Typically 12-24 inches
• Bloom Time: Summer

Egyptian Lavender (Lavandula multifida)

Egyptian lavender, sometimes called fern leaf lavender, has finely divided leaves that resemble ferns. Thriving in USDA zones 9-11, this variety prefers warm, arid climates and well-draining soil. It is less aromatic compared to other lavenders but is appreciated for its ornamental value and long blooming period. The deep blue to violet flowers attract pollinators, making it a good choice for bee gardens.

• Popular Varieties: Less commonly divided into varieties
• Height: Typically 24-36 inches
• Bloom Time: Spring to fall

By exploring these types of lavender, gardeners and lavender enthusiasts can choose the variety that best suits their needs and climate. Each type brings its unique characteristics and ideal growing conditions, adding charm and utility to any garden or landscape.