Understanding Brunnera

Brunnera, known commonly as false forget-me-not or Siberian bugloss, is a perennial plant cherished for its striking foliage and spring flowers. Native to Eastern Europe and Asia, it thrives in shaded gardens and features prominently in woodland settings.

Botanical Characteristics

Brunnera belongs to the Boraginaceae family, which it shares with common species like borage and forget-me-nots. This perennial plant typically grows to about 12 to 18 inches in height and can spread up to 24 inches. It’s hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8, making it quite versatile for various climates.

Foliage

One of the key attractions of Brunnera is its heart-shaped leaves. These leaves often exhibit a beautiful silver variegation with green veins. The foliage remains attractive throughout the growing season, providing gardeners with visual interest even when the plant is not in bloom.

Flowers

In early to mid-spring, Brunnera produces small, sky-blue flowers resembling forget-me-nots. These flowers grow in loose clusters atop slender stems that rise above the foliage. The flowering period is brief but adds a charming touch to spring gardens.

Planting and Care

Site selection is crucial for growing Brunnera successfully. It prefers partial to full shade and grows well in moist, well-drained soil. However, it can tolerate a variety of soil types, including clay and loam. These conditions mimic its natural woodland habitat.

Planting

• Choose a shaded or partially shaded location.
• Ensure the soil is well-drained but retains moisture.
• Space plants about 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for growth.
• Plant Brunnera at the same depth it was growing in its pot.

Watering

Consistent moisture is vital for Brunnera, especially during its first growing season. Once established, it can tolerate short periods of drought but performs best with regular watering. Mulching around the base can help retain soil moisture and keep the root zone cool.

Fertilizing

Brunnera does not require heavy feeding. A light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring is usually sufficient. Over-fertilizing can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers, so moderation is key.

Pruning

This plant requires minimal pruning. Remove spent flower stems to tidy up the appearance after the flowering period. Cut back foliage in late fall or early spring to encourage new growth. Removing dead or damaged leaves helps maintain plant health and appearance.

Pests and Diseases

Brunnera is generally pest-resistant but can occasionally suffer from issues like slugs and snails, which may nibble on the foliage. Keeping the area around the plants clean and using organic deterrents can help manage these pests.

Common Diseases

• Powdery Mildew: Appears as a white powder on leaves. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
• Leaf Spot: Causes dark spots on leaves. Remove affected foliage and use fungicides if necessary.
• Root Rot: Can be a problem in poorly drained soils. Ensure proper drainage to prevent this issue.

Propagation

Dividing established clumps in early spring or fall is the most common method of propagating Brunnera. This helps rejuvenate older plants and spread them throughout the garden.

Steps for Division

• Dig up the entire plant carefully to avoid damaging the root system.
• Use a sharp knife or spade to divide the clump into smaller sections, each with several growth points and a portion of the root system.
• Replant the divisions promptly in the garden at the same depth as the original plant.
• Water well to help the new plants establish.

Brunnera can also be grown from seeds, although this method is less common and takes longer to produce mature plants.

Varieties and Cultivars

Several cultivars of Brunnera are popular among gardeners for their unique foliage and reliable performance. Here are a few notable ones:

• Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’: Features silver leaves with green veins and blue flowers. It’s one of the most widely grown varieties.
• Brunnera macrophylla ‘Looking Glass’: Known for its almost entirely silver leaves, providing a luminous effect in shady areas.
• Brunnera macrophylla ‘Dawson’s White’: Displays variegated leaves with creamy white edges and blue flowers.
• Brunnera macrophylla ‘Langtrees’: Has silver spots on green leaves and a robust growth habit.

Companion Planting

Brunnera pairs well with other shade-loving plants. Its textured foliage creates an appealing contrast with the leaves of hostas, ferns, and astilbes. The blue flowers provide a lovely early spring highlight among these companions.

• Hostas: Their broad, lush leaves complement the smaller, heart-shaped leaves of Brunnera.
• Ferns: Add a delicate, feathery texture that contrasts nicely with Brunnera’s bold foliage.
• Astilbes: Their plume-like flowers provide a vertical element that enhances the appearance of Brunnera’s low mounds.
• Heuchera: Offers a variety of leaf colors that can create striking combinations with Brunnera.

Using Brunnera in Garden Design

Due to its shade tolerance and attractive foliage, Brunnera is a versatile addition to various garden styles. In woodland gardens, it mimics its natural habitat and thrives among other native plants. In formal gardens, it can be used as ground cover or edging along shaded paths.

Ideas for Incorporation

• Woodland Gardens: Plant in drifts under deciduous trees to recreate a natural woodland setting.
• Shade Borders: Use as a border plant in shaded areas, creating a lush, green edge that remains attractive through the seasons.
• Containers: Grow Brunnera in large containers for shaded patios or balconies.
• Ground Cover: Plant en masse for ground cover in shaded areas, where it will form dense, attractive foliage.

Seasonal Interest

Brunnera provides interest across multiple seasons. In spring, the blue flowers draw attention and signal the arrival of warmer weather. The foliage remains vibrant and striking throughout summer and into fall. As one of the first perennials to leaf out in spring and one of the last to fade in fall, it maintains long-lasting appeal.

Conclusion

The blend of attractive foliage and early spring flowers makes Brunnera a valued addition to shaded gardens. With proper site selection, planting, and minimal care, it offers consistent beauty and interest year after year. Leveraging different cultivars and companion plants can further enhance its impact in any garden setting.